Which of the following best describes the formula for torque?

The formula for torque is best described by the concept that torque is the product of force and the distance from the point of application of that force to the pivot point, often referred to as the moment arm. Mathematically, this is expressed as torque = force × distance.

In practical terms, torque measures the rotational force applied to an object and determines how effectively that force can cause the object to rotate about an axis. The distance in this equation refers to the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the pivot point or axis of rotation. Therefore, the correct formulation captures both the magnitude of the force applied as well as the effectiveness of that force in producing rotational motion based on the distance from the pivot point.